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Showing all 256 terms
Data series
A collection of related data points from a single data source that are viewable as a single row within a table. They represent the change over time of a specific indicator.
Dataset
A collection of data series that relate to a particular subject within a domain
Deficit areas
Areas that either do not produce or produce an insufficient amount of a given commodity to meet local demand (derived or final demand).
Dekad
Ten-day period, usually referring to a period of rainfall, starting on the first day of the month. Every month is composed of exactly three dekads. The last dekad of the month comprises days 21 through the end of the month, and can contain 8 to 11 days.
Demand curve
The relationship between the price of a commodity and the quantity that buyers are willing or able to buy, with all other things being equal. For most commodities, there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded: a rise in price is associated with a decline in quantity demanded.
Derived demand
Demand for a commodity to be used as an input to another productive activity (e.g., the demand for maize as feed for poultry production).
Destination
The country where goods were ultimately delivered.
Dipole
Two opposing patterns in space.
Domain
Also, Data domain
A logical grouping of data that contains a collection of data series.
Drought
A drought is a period of below-average precipitation in a given region, resulting in prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric, surface water or ground water. This document, however, distinguishes between a single failed rainy season and consecutive failed rainy seasons; the latter is referred to as a drought.
Dynamic analysis of margins
Analysis of changes in marketing margins over time.
Dynamical forecasts
Dynamical models use laws of physics and observed conditions to estimate future conditions.
Economies of scale (EOS)
The reduction in costs of producing an extra unit of output. Usually related to the minimum efficient level of output at which a firm can produce efficiently relative to market size.
Effective demand
The desire to buy together with the ability pay for as good or service. Those who have a desire to buy but cannot pay the price or cost are said to have limited or no effective demand.
Effective exchange rate (EER)
The actual rate at which one unit of foreign currency is exchanged for local currency.
Elastic demand
A commodity for which the percentage changes in demand is proportionately greater than the percentage change in price. For example, a one percent change in the price of the good or service leads to a greater than one percent change in the quantity demanded.
Elastic supply
A commodity for which the percentage changes in supply is proportionately greater than the percentage change in price. For example, a one percent change in the price of the good or service leads to a greater than one percent change in the quantity supplied.
Elasticity
Measure of a percentage change of one thing relative to a percentage change in another. For example, the price elasticity of demand is the percentage change in quantity demanded relative to the percentage change in the price.
Elasticity of demand
The percentage change in quantity demanded relative to the percentage change in the price.
Own price elasticity: When the change in quantity demanded is related to the price of the commodity.
Cross price elasticity: When the change in quantity demanded is related to the price of another commodity.
Elasticity of supply
The percentage change in the quantity supplied relative to a percentage change in the price of a commodity.
Emergency
IPC phase 4. Households either:
Have large food consumption gaps which are reflected in very high acute malnutrition and excess mortality.
OR
Are able to mitigate large food consumption gaps but only by employing emergency livelihood strategies and asset liquidation.
See International Phase Classification (IPC).
Ensemble forecast
An ensemble forecast is either a collection of model runs (using the same model) started from slightly different initial conditions, or a collection of model runs using different models. This tests the strength of forecasts; if ensembles give similar results (a convergence of evidence), then we have confidence in the forecast.
Equity
A situation in which resources are relatively distributed to all members of society.
Exchange efficiency
A situation in which all benefits from trade have been exhausted and it is not possible to do further exchange without reducing the happiness of another agent.
Exchange rate
The rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another.
Exchange terms
The terms under which goods and services are exchanged in transaction.
Exclusionary pricing
Also, Predatory pricing
Occurs when one firm lowers and maintains its price below costs until other efficient firms exit the market. Predatory ricing eliminates competition (results into monopoly power).
Expectations
What a market actor believes will occur at some point in the future, and that time frame is usually defined. For example, the price a seller believes they will receive three months in the future.
Expenditure shares
The portion of a household’s expenditures allocated to a particular good, service or group of goods and services. This is essentially the same as budget shares.
Export parity price (XPP)
The monetary value of a product sold at a specific location in a foreign country, but valued from a specific location in the exporting country.
Famine
IPC phase 5. Households have an extreme lack of food and/or other basic needs even after full employment of coping strategies. Starvation, death, destitution, and extremely critical acute malnutrition levels are evident. For Famine Classification, an area needs to have extreme critical levels of acute malnutrition and mortality.
See International Phase Classification (IPC).
Farm gate
At or near the farm or location of production. Usually, but not always, the place where a commodity is first exchanged. Farmers can also bring their produce to assembly, wholesale and even retail markets.
Farm gate price
The price that the farmer or producer receives at the farm or location of production. It is the price of the product available at the farm, excluding any marketing costs or transport and delivery charges.
Food balance sheet (FBS)
Presents a comprehensive picture of the pattern of a country's food supply during a specified reference period. A food balance sheet shows the sources of supply and utilization for each food item.
Food item
Each primary commodity and a number of processed commodities potentially available for human consumption.
Food price index
A price index where only food items appearing in the consumer basket are included in the calculation of the index.
Food security (FS)
Food and nutrition security is achieved when adequate, safe, and nutritious food is available, accessible to, and well utilized by all individuals at all times to support a healthy and productive life.
Food security conditions
The context with regard to external circumstances and influences related to food security; includes the variables, causal factors, and drivers of food security. Food security conditions are different from food security outcomes. Outcomes refer to the final situation faced by households or areas once all conditions and responses have been analyzed. For example, food security conditions may describe seasonal progress, food prices, and labor demand, while food security outcomes describe whether households are able to access and utilize the food needed for a healthy life.
Food security outcomes
The net result of changes in household incomes and food access plus the effect of response by households, governments, or other actors in terms of food consumption, livelihoods maintenance, nutritional status, and mortality risk. Outcomes can be positive or negative. A description of food security outcomes should explain who is food insecure (e.g., what population or wealth group; the size of the food insecure population) and the expected duration and severity of food insecurity.
Forecast skill
Skill is measured by calculating the difference between a model forecast and observed conditions. An acceptable threshold of skill is chosen by a person responsible for running a model. The threshold for skill is subjective. Model runs exceeding the defined threshold of skill are considered to have skill and are, therefore, reliable for predicting the climate.
Foreign exchange premium (FXP)
The percentage that the Official Exchange Rate (OER) overvalues the local currency.
Formal trade
Typically large quantities transported by road, rail or ship which are inspected, taxed and reported in official statistics. Formal trade is typical legal trade.
Free on board (FOB)
The price of a commodity loaded on board a carrier at the port of exit.