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The study of climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a long period of time. However, when we say we expect climatology in terms of forecasts, these are not simply average conditions, but include the range of variability in rainfall quantity, spatial distribution, and temporal distribution that are historically possible for a region.
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Corn
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Also, Maize
Maize is the plant and corn is the kernel or grain, but corn can refer to kernels of different plants, not just maize. In some countries, including North America, maize and corn are used interchangeably, but this is not the case in most parts of the world. In general, we use maize when referring to the crop.
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Identifying the likelihood of a specific event. Probabilistic forecasts capture the likelihood of rainfall being in a given tercile of the historical distribution. It allows the forecaster to identify shifts in the likelihood of events based on certain conditions.
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Rain
See also: Also, Precipitation
Rain is water that falls in drops condensed from vapor in the atmosphere. Refer to this as precipitation, rather than rain.
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The amount of precipitation, usually measured by depth in millimeters.
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Rains
An area’s rainy season.
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Remote sensing
The collection of data on an object or area using sensors that can be handheld or mounted aboard drones, airplanes, or most commonly, satellite systems. Sensors on satellites orbit around Earth to observe climate, vegetation, and rainfall dynamics. Sensors detect and classify objects on land and oceans and in the atmosphere by receiving signals (for example, electromagnetic radiation reflected from Earth). Remotely sensed data are useful for assessing crop conditions and drought severity, among a range of other climatic and phenological factors.
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Resources utilization
Minimal degradation of resources (e.g. soil, forests, water a) in agricultural production and processing.
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Short-cycle crops
Crops that mature generally in 90 days or less, such as wheat, barley, and teff.
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Spatial variability
Changes in climate across a landscape.
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Statistical forecast
Statistical forecasts use previously derived mathematical relationships between two or more variables to produce an estimate of one of those variables given knowledge of the other variables.
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Teleconnections
The concept of interrelated climate conditions that cross long distances.
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Temperature gradient
A temperature gradient (e.g., sea surface temperature) is a quantity that describes in which direction and at what rate the temperature changes the most rapidly around a particular location. The temperature gradient is expressed in units of degrees (on a particular temperature scale) per unit length.
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Temporal variability
Changes in climate over time. Temporal variability indicates changes in values over time and can include changes in the mean (i.e., trend) or the range. Changes between years are referred to as inter-annual variability, and changes within a season are intra-annual variability.