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1. One of the four pillars of food security. The total amount of food that is present in a country or given area by means of domestic production, imports, food stocks, and food aid.

2. Availability of sufficient quantities of food of appropriate quality, supplied through domestic production or imports (including food aid).

Baseline

The quantified analysis of sources of food and income and of expenditure for households in each wealth group over a defined reference period.

Baseline Storage Sheet

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1. .

Baseline Year

A type of reference year. Usually a normal year; neither especially good nor especially bad.

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Chronic Food Insecurity

Persistent or seasonal inability to consume adequate diets for a healthy and active life, mainly due to structural causes. Chronic food insecurity occurs even in normal, non-crisis years when shocks do not occur.

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A dangerous phenomenon, threat, human activity, or condition that can cause or precipitate disaster. Hazards pose a potential threat to life, health, property, or the environment and can be natural or induced by human processes. Most hazards are dormant, with only a potential risk of harm. Once a hazard becomes "active,” it is called a shock (or in some cases, a hazard event).

Household (HH)

A group of people, each with different abilities and needs, who live together most of the time and contribute to a common economy, and share the food and other income from this.

Household Economy

The sum of ways in which a household acquires its income, its savings and asset holdings, and by which it meets its food and non-food needs.

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Analysis that defines a livelihood based on geography, systems of production, and wealth. It considers the interaction of all economic groups, specifically as to sources of food and cash, assets and opportunities, and options at times of crisis.

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Humanitarian Assistance

Assistance that is intended to save lives, protect livelihoods, alleviate suffering, and provide basic necessities. Humanitarian assistance is usually initiated in response to a shock, such as civil war or a natural disaster. This can also include threshold-based programs that are triggered by a shock even if they are within the context of an inter-annual program. Programs focusing on immediate livelihood strengthening and prevention of further loss are also considered humanitarian. This type of assistance is typically short term (less than a year). However, some programs exceed the typical timeframe for humanitarian assistance (i.e., longer than a year) depending on the nature of the shock.

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The time of year when a household’s access to food and/or cash income is typically most constrained. This usually occurs during the months between harvests when food is scarce because household stocks have been exhausted and the harvest has not yet begun. During this period, households tend to be at greater risk of food insecurity. Use lean season and not hunger season or other terms.

Livelihood Baseline

The quantified analysis of household livelihood options including a detailed breakdown of sources of food, cash and expenditure patterns, and coping capacity for households in each wealth group over a defined reference period.

Livelihood Profile

Reports that describe wealth groups and compare their various sources of food and income.

Livelihood Protection Threshold

Also Livelihood Protection Needs; See also Survival Threshold

The total income required to sustain local livelihoods. This means total expenditure to:

• Ensure basic survival (that is, all items covered in the survival threshold),

• Maintain access to basic services such as health and education,

• Sustain livelihoods in the medium to longer term, for example, purchasing of seeds or veterinary drugs, and

• Achieve a minimum locally acceptable standard of living, for example, purchasing basic clothing or coffee/tea

Livelihood Strategies

The ways in which households utilize and combine their assets to obtain food, income and other goods and services.

Livelihood Zone Maps

Maps that illustrate the country by zone, showing areas where people generally have the same options for obtaining food and income and engaging in trade.

Livelihood Zones (LZ or LHZ)

Geographical areas within which people share broadly the same patterns of access to food and income, and have the same access to markets.

Livelihoods

The means by which households obtain and maintain access to essential resources to ensure their immediate, medium-term, and long-term survival.

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Minimal

See also International Phase Classification (IPC)

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The typical or average range of attributes, characteristics, or relationships (e.g., weather, market behavior, livelihoods, etc.). They provide a framework, baseline, or reference period that can be compared to current and/or projected conditions.

Outcome Analysis

An analysis of how access to food and cash for each wealth group will be affected by a defined hazard, and of the extent to which other food or cash sources can be added or expanded, or non-essential expenditure reduced, to make up the initial shortages.

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Prediction

An act of foretelling based on observation, experience, or scientific reason.

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