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The ability of households to diversify and expand access to various sources of food, income, and other basic needs, and thus to cope with a specific stress.

Coping Strategies

Activities to which people resort in order to obtain food, income and/or services when their normal means of livelihood have been disrupted or other shocks/hazards decrease their access to basic needs.

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Crisis

See International Phase Classification (IPC)

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The net result of changes in household incomes and food access plus the effect of response by households, governments, or other actors in terms of food consumption, livelihoods maintenance, nutritional status, and mortality risk. Outcomes can be positive or negative. A description of food security outcomes should explain who is food insecure (e.g., what population or wealth group; the size of the food insecure population), and the expected duration and severity of food insecurity.

Hazard

See Risk, Shock, and Vulnerability

A dangerous phenomenon, threat, human activity, or condition that can cause or precipitate disaster. Hazards pose a potential threat to life, health, property, or the environment and can be natural or induced by human processes. Most hazards are dormant, with only a potential risk of harm. Once a hazard becomes "active,” it is called a shock (or in some cases, a hazard event).

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Humanitarian Assistance

Assistance that is intended to save lives, protect livelihoods, alleviate suffering, and provide basic necessities. Humanitarian assistance is usually initiated in response to a shock, such as civil war or a natural disaster. This can also include threshold-based programs that are triggered by a shock even if they are within the context of an inter-annual program. Programs focusing on immediate livelihood strengthening and prevention of further loss are also considered humanitarian. This type of assistance is typically short term (less than a year). However, some programs exceed the typical timeframe for humanitarian assistance (i.e., longer than a year) depending on the nature of the shock.

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